Tuesday, April 15, 2014

"Who Done it"

Written by Tiffany Meza

Works Cited

Works Cited
EMI Music Publishing. "The Doors." The End Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.
Herblock. "Protesting Vietnam." The Center for the Teaching of American History. The Washington Post, 1967. Web. 17 May 2014.
Herblock. "Watergate Herblock Cartoons." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 23 June 1972. Web. 17 May 2014.
History.com Staff. "Watergate Scandal." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 23 May 2014. <http://www.history.com/topics/watergate>.
"Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society"" Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association. Web. 20 May 2014. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/56e.asp>.
Marlette. "Political Cartoons." Vietnam War: Outcomes and Sacrifices. University of Texas. Web. 17 May 2014.
Mr. B. "Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 - Part II." Crisis Pictures. Blogspot, 29 Aug. 2011. Web. 20 May 2014. <http://crisispictures.blogspot.com/2011/08/cuban-missile-crisis-in-1962-part-ii.html>.
"Mushroom-cloud." Daily Damocles. Wordpress, 15 June 2011. Web. 10 May 2014. <http://dailydamocles.wordpress.com/2010/12/03/blocking-start-does-the-gop-actually-want-an-attack-on-us-soil-under-obama/mushroom-cloud/>.
Oliver. "Op Ed of the Year (and a Warning Obama Must Heed)." StarrTrek. Blogspot, 23 May 2008. Web. 10 May 2014. <http://owstarr.com/2008/05/23/op-ed-of-the-year-and-a-warning-obama-must-heed/>.
Special Rider Music. "Bob Dylan." Mr. Tambourine Man Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.
Special Rider Music. "Bob Dylan." The Times They Are A-changin' Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.
Truman Library Staff. "July 30, 1965: President Lyndon B. Johnson Signs Medicare Bill." Harry Truman Library & Museum. National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/medicarebill.htm>.
Universal Music Publishing Group. "Barry Mcguire." - Eve Of Destruction Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.
Warner/Chappell Music Inc., EMI Music Publishing, and Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC. "Simon And Garfunkel." The Sound Of Silence Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.

"Watergate Scandal." United States History. US History Org. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1791.html>.

The Influence of the Era on Modern America

The Watergate Scandal

The Watergate Scandal

Who?
Five men broke into the DNC's office including Virgilio Gonzalez, Bernard Barker, James McCord, Eugenio Martinez, and Frank Sturgis. In January 30,1973, they were tried by Judge John Sirica. The security guard at the DNC's office, Frank Wills, discovered tape that covered latches on the doors and called the police. The general counsel to CPR (the Committee for the Re-Election of the President), G Gordon Liddy, created the campaign to wire tap the DNC Headquarters and presented it to Chairman, Jeb Stuart Magruder, Attorney General John Mitchell, and Presidential Counsel John Dean. Two of Liddy's subordinates that were involved included Howard Hunt and James McCord. President Nixon's recorded many of his conversations using a tape-recording system. This resulted in Nixon's resignation. The involved Nixon Administration members became known as the "Watergate Seven" this included Haldeman, Ehrlichman, Mitchell, Colson, Gordon C Strachan, Robert Mardian, and Kenneth Parkinson. 

What?
The Watergate Scandal was a political scandal that involved a burglary into the Democratic National Committee headquarters by 5 men. The 5 men were caught by a security guard after attempting to break in once more to fix one of the wires that had been originally taped. It was revealed that the burglars had an affiliation with Nixon's CRP when a $25,000 dollar check was found in one of the burglars banks account signs by Attorney General John Mitchell. The FBI began further investigation to reveal more checks that involved the travel and expenses by Nixon's CRP required to hire the men. Over time it became prominent that the Watergate scandal was a minimum amount of the premeditated sabotage and spying against Democrats that was to be funded by Nixon's CRP. Nixon entered a state of paranoia and demanded that his deputy and attorney general resign their positions, this became known as the "Saturday Night Massacre." This eventually lead to a decision to impeach Nixon, which ultimately led to his resignation.

When?
On June 17,1972 the Democratic National Committee headquarters was broken into. The FBI revealed evidence of a "money trail" that displayed the CRP's alliance and connection to the break in and the following dates: June 19, 1972; August 1; April/ May 1972; September 29, 1972, and October 10 1972.  Nixon release the transcriptions of his tapes on April 29, 1974. On April 30, 1972 the resignation of H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman was requested by Nixon. John Dean was also fired on this date. The burglars were tried and convicted on January 30, 1973. The "Saturday Night Massacre" occurred on October 20, 1973. On August 8, 1974, the president resigned on national television.

Where?
The Wategate Scandal occured in the United States of America. The break in on the night of June 17th occurred at the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate Office Complex In Washington D. C. Nixon had installed a recording system at the White House in the Oval Office. A grand jury in Washington, D. C., took legal action against the Watergate Seven. The Oval Office was also the location in which President Nixon resigned. 

Why?
The overall motive of the break in has never been established. However, it is suggested that the break in, wire tapping, and recording all indicated a desire for information to be used against the Democrats. Many believe that the main target of the break in was Larry O'Brien, the Chairman at the DNC. Although, it is believed by James F. Neal, the prosecutor of the "Watergate Seven" that Nixon did not initiate the break in. 

A Interpretation of Those Involved in President Johnson's Great Society

Featured below are three diary entries from an interpreted perspective of those affected by President Johnson's Great Society:

DATE: January 5, 1964:


Dear Diary,


     Finally. Finally the sunlight has shown through the ashen clouds that restricted me to an all too familiar melancholic state. My soul has been resurrected from the cold walls I had suppressed  myself to by the strange light of hope. It is the feeling one attains when a new friend is made; when the feeling of betrayal no longer persists, freeing the soul from the chains of negativity as it ascends to the euphoric heavens above. The hope lingers in my (once-cold) heart for my posterity. The children of my blood, they will no longer feel obligated to continue this familiar cycle of poverty that our family has endured. They have been given an opportunity of education; the defining factor of the worth of life in this society. It was yesterday when Johnson had announced the programs outlined in his Great Society, including the Head Start Program; the program which has reanimated a feeling of pure bliss. My children. My pure, innocent children. They will no longer be cursed with the question of whether they will have dinner each day. They will no longer be cursed by the cold-hearted blizzards of winter. They will no longer be cursed by the ambiguity of surviving each day. President Johnson. Oh god bless the great Johnson. Given this opportunity my children will thrive and relive the once prominent American Dream. My children will be successful and prosper in this nation, and so will their children and so on and so forth. Our family name will spread across the Americas. Our legacy of survival will precede our legacy of impoverishment. They will no longer associate us as the flea-ridden rats that thrive within the dark alleyways. We will forever be known as Stewarts: the strong-willed.


May god bless Johnson and his angelic soul. He has renlightened my life. Oh the skies have never gleamed so bright a blue and birds have never chirped so beautiful a song.

 Mary Patricia Stewart


DATE: May 22, 1964:


Dear Journal,

    
     I remember all the stories my grandmother would tell me as a teenager. However, unlike most stories, which are filled to the brim of bliss and impossible happy endings, her stories came from the harsh truth. From the scars; some of which were visible and others which lay deep within her heart and mind. She grew up in Alabama and was born in a filthy, fly-ridden barn. Unfortunately, my great grandmother had died giving birth to her. She doesn't remember much from her childhood, except the insecurity of being different. Different in a way that nearly every white person would either look right past you or acknowledge your presence with a face of horror and disgust. She was raised by her father as an only child. She described him as a hard man, he would try to hide his pain in front of her by constantly smiling around her, but she always felt the burning presence of his pain. She would tell me about how her father's eyes were "dead" -- though he seemed very much alive. When she reached the age of 17 the landowner had died and his nephew inherited the land. Immediately, after the death of the landowner, the nephew sold them into slavery. Upon the auction day, her father made a promise to remain by her side. When the auction began, she knew it would be the last time they would see each other. The prices ascended, his new owner stopped voting. She remembered the look of terror on his dazed and wet face as he tried to break free, as well as the cry of pain as he was beaten right in front of her for resisting. She had never seen her father ever again. Within a year, she had given birth to my uncles. At 19, my mother was born and the following year my aunt.
   By the 1900s, the plantation was no longer functioning, but the racism driven violence and segregation still remained. They traveled to the northwest toward Colorado; arriving the approximate year. They lived in a segregated neighborhood of darker individuals. Although all seemed fine and peaceful, they remained fearful of of the lynchings. When she was 25, her mother had passed away of pneumonia, and the following year her brother. When she was 26 she met my father and they became one. By the age of 32 they had three children; my older sister Ruth, me, and my brother James.
     When the Great Depression hit us, we were bombarded with famine and sickness. We had suffered through cold winters and days with no food. The families usual humor and happiness began precipitating off our faces and consequently our smiles. During one harsh winter my brother James died of tuberculosis. I was ten when he passed away, his contagious smile and pure goodness forever remains in my mind.
     When I was 22 I met a man who stole my heart. Jack Henry Turner. It had never been a happier time in my life. I always felt safe around him. We married on April 21, 1940 and had our daughter Bethany on March 15, 1941. We raised her to be a beautiful and classy young lady. She inherited my eyes and her father's sarcastic humor. When all was going well, things turned for the worst. At 1:14 am on Febuary 23rd of 1963 my husband was lynched along with two other civil rights activists by 5 members of the KKK. To this day the authorities have yet to find him. He will forever remain a part of my heart and I will never forget him.
     My family history has been burdened with moments of pain, terror, death, and injustice. However, today is the start of a new beginning; not only for me but for my family. Although the pain of the past remains, the terror and injustice are fading away. My hope for the end of racism and slavery in the future has begun. They are finally taking action and God has finally received my message. They've created the Voting Rights Act of 1964. They made it to my disbelief. My people have received their voice, will live for justice and we will fight for equality. No longer will their exist the discrimination and corruptness of the voting system. It has been purified. We will no longer be belittled by those damn literacy tests. We will rise above as equals. If only Jack were here to see this monumental move forward; he would be smiling of pure bliss from this progression  Praise the lord and his mighty powers. Praise President Johnson and his blessed soul! 
"I have a dream that my[...] little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character." -Martin Luther King Jr.

I believe this dream may come true. It may actually come true.

Helen Dorothy Turner
   

DATE: July 30, 1965:


Hello Again,


     I bring joyous news! Today, after a long life of filled with aches and pains (due to the costly price of medical care), I may finally receive help for relieving the common discomfort of aging. President Johnson has implemented a plan that lay within his "Great Society," Medicare. To my benefit, it helps offset the costs of health care for senior citizens. 

     I am afraid that this event has caused a blissful smile to ascend permanently upon my face. Although, I find no problem with the existence of this bliss, a slight pain has begun to tingle on my jaw and cheeks due to the continuity of this expression of happiness. 
     Since the age of 22, I have suffered from the troublesome genetics of my parents. I am, however, not complaining in the fact that they have so gracefully provided me with their attractive physical features. Many of the doctors that have worked with (or rather on) me have described my case as a miracle. I have been bombarded with several diseases throughout my life; many of which the survival rate has been minimal. I am very thankful for the grand immune system that my parents have allowed me to inherit and the doctors that have aided me in my several recoveries; but I cannot help but feel guilt from the constant worry and financial burdens they must have suffered through. Unfortunately, My immune system has begun to disintegrate; as does everything else with aging. I would not have minded the common symptoms: the development of wrinkles, the aches, the pains. But, I do believe that this last struggle will begin to take control of the entirety of my life. Perhaps, even end it. Although, their remains a constant fear in my heart that these may be my last few years, my optimism has drowned the noise of this fatal prediction. And, so, I remain grateful for the life I have lived and will continue to fight as I have since the beginning of my life. Nonetheless, Medicare will at least degenerate some of the stress that my constant battle has brought upon me. 
    
Richard William Lincoln

A Musical Representation of the Era


Eve of Destruction by Barry Mcguire
The eastern world it is explodin', violence flarin', bullets loadin'
You're old enough to kill but not for votin'
You don't believe in war, what's that gun you're totin'
And even the Jordan river has bodies floatin'
But you tell me over and over and over again my friend
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
Don't you understand, what I'm trying to say?
Can't you see the fear that I'm feeling today?
If the button is pushed, there's no running away
There'll be none to save with the world in a grave
Take a look around you, boy, it's bound to scare you, boy
But you tell me over and over and over again my friend
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
Yeah, my blood's so mad, feels like coagulatin'
I'm sittin' here just contemplatin'
I can't twist the truth, it knows no regulation
Handful of Senators don't pass legislation
And marches alone can't bring integration
When human respect is disintegratin'
This whole crazy world is just too frustratin'
And you tell me over and over and over again my friend
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
Think of all the hate there is in Red China
Then take a look around to Selma, Alabama
Ah, you may leave here for four days in space
But when you return it's the same old place
The poundin' of the drums, the pride and disgrace
You can bury your dead but don't leave a trace
Hate your next door neighbor but don't forget to say grace
And you tell me over and over and over and over again my friend
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction



The Times They Are A-changing' By Bob Dylan
Gather 'round people
Wherever you roam
And admit that the waters
Around you have grown
And accept it that soon
You'll be drenched to the bone
If your time to you
Is worth savin'
Then you better start swimmin'
Or you'll sink like a stone
For the times they are a-changin'
Come writers and critics
Who prophesize with your pen
Keep your eyes wide
The chance won't come again
Don't speak too soon
For the wheel's still in spin
And there's no tellin' who
That it's namin'
For the loser now
Will be later to win
For the times they, they are a-changin'
Come senators, Congressmen
Please heed the call
Don't stand at the doorway
Don't block up the hall
For he that gets hurt
Will be he who has stalled
There's a battle outside
And it's ragin'
It'll soon shake your windows
And rattle your walls
For the times they are a-changin'
Come mothers and fathers
Throughout the land
Don't criticize
What you can't understand
Your sons and your daughters
Are beyond your command
Your old road is
Rapidly agin'
Please get out of the new one
If you can't lend a hand
For your times they are a-changin'
The line it is drawn
And the curse it is cast
The slow one now
Will later be fast
As the present now
Will later be past
The order is
Rapidly fadin'
And the first one now
Will later be last
For the times they are a-changin'



The Sound of Silence by Simon & Garfunkel
Hello darkness, my old friend
I've come to talk with you again
Because a vision softly creeping
Left its seeds while I was sleeping
And the vision that was planted
In my brain still remains
Within the sound of silence
In restless dreams, I walked alone
Narrow streets of cobblestone
'Neath the halo of a street lamp
I turned my collar to the cold and damp
When my eyes were stabbed by the flash
Of a neon light that split the night
And touched the sound of silence
And in the naked light I saw
Ten thousand people, maybe more
People talking without speaking
People hearing without listening
People writing songs that voices
Never shared and no one dared
Disturb the sound of silence
"Fools", said I, "You do not know
Silence like a cancer grows
Hear my words that I might teach you
Take my arms that I might reach you"
But my words, like silent raindrops fell
And echoed in the wells of silence
And the people bowed and prayed
To the neon god they made
And the sign flashed out its warning
In the words that it was forming
And the sign said, The words of the prophets are written
On the subway walls and tenement halls
And whispered in the sounds of silence"





The End by The Doors
This is the end
Beautiful friend
This is the end
My only friend, the end
Of out elaborate plants, the end
Of everything that stans, the end
No safety or surprise, the end
I'll never look into your eyes...again
Can you picture what will be
So limitless and free
Desperately in need...of some...stranger's hand
In a...desperate land
Lost in a Roman...wilderness of pain
And all the children are insane
All the children are insane
Waiting for the summer rain, yeah
There's danger on the edge of town
Ride the King's highway, baby
Weird scenes inside the gold mine
Ride the highway west, baby
Ride the snake, ride the snake
To the lake, the ancient lake, baby
The snake is long, seven miles
Ride the snake...he's old, and his skin is cold
The west is the best
The west is the best
Get here, and we'll do the rest
The blue bus is callin' us
The blue bus is callin' us
Driver, where you taken' us
The killer awoke before dawn, he put his boots on
He took a face from the ancient gallery
And he walked on down the hall
He went into the room where his sister and lived, and... then he
Paid a visit to his brother, and then he
He walked on down the hall, and
And he came to a oor...and he looked inside
Father, yes son. I want to kill you
Mother... I want to...WAAAAAA
C'mon baby-----------No "Take a change with us"
C'mon baby, take a chance with us
C'mon baby take a chance with us
And meet me at the back of the blue bus
Doin' a blue rock
On a blue bus
Doin' a blue rock
C'mon, yeah
Kill. Kill. Kill. Kill. Kill. Kill.
This is the end
Beautiful friend
This is the end
My only friend, the end
It hurts to set you free
But you'll never follow me
The end of laughter and soft lies
The end of nights we tried to die
This is the end

Mr. Tambourine Man by Bob Dylan
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
Though I know that evening's empire has returned into sand
Vanished from my hand
Left me blindly here to stand but still not sleeping
My weariness amazes me, I am branded on my feet
I have no one to meet
And the ancient empty street's too dead for dreaming
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
Take me on a trip upon your magic swirlin' ship
My senses have been stripped, my hands can't feel to grip
My toes too numb to step, wait only for my boot heels to be wanderin'
I'm ready to go anywhere, I'm ready for to fade
Into my own parade, cast your dancing spell my way
I promise to go under it
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
Though you might hear laughin', spinnin', swingin' madly across the sun
It's not aimed at anyone, it's just escapin' on the run
And but for the sky there are no fences facin'
And if you hear vague traces of skippin' reels of rhyme
To your tambourine in time, it's just a ragged clown behind
I wouldn't pay it any mind, it's just a shadow you're seein'
That he's chasing
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
Then take me disappearin' through the smoke rings of my mind
Down the foggy ruins of time, far past the frozen leaves
The haunted, frightened trees, out to the windy beach
Far from the twisted reach of crazy sorrow
Yes, to dance beneath the diamond sky with one hand waving free
Silhouetted by the sea, circled by the circus sands
With all memory and fate driven deep beneath the waves
Let me forget about today until tomorrow
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you





Poetry of the Civil Rights Movement



Long Live the King

"Martin Luther King!"
Across the Pacific Bay
I hear his name ring
As the children play

"Martin Luther King!"
A new generation was born
They fought for their freedom
To rip out the thorns

"Marin Luther King!"
It bounced through the streets
He was their white light
He was their hope against defeat

"Martin Luther King Rest in Peace"
They all cried
Not a single sound of bliss
Silenced by his wound; open wide

"Martin Luther King Rest in Peace"
Was a pierce to the heart
Of a man with infinite hope
Their bliss fell apart

"Martin Luther King Rest in Peace"
They all mourn
Sharper than a bee sting
As their hope was all torn

"Long live the King"
"Martin Luther King"
"Long live the King"


The River Boy

Under the murky, swampy water
Lay a world of eerie stillness
Where all was dark and deep
Entranced in a blanket of numbness

Until one day
The stillness was halted
By two men
Fearful, they bolted

Away from the waters
They ran in fear
While the boy, he surfaced
Very still and very near

They saw the River Boy
and the bubbles he blew
to the surface they rose
with a gut green hue

They could not tell anyone
For they feared the worst
That someone else may see him
And suffer the curse

As word got around
Of the boy and his home
Where he swam with the fish
And was free to roam

Crowds came to see
To catch him, to expose
To meet him again
With all of his soaked clothes

They searched and they searched
For the bubbles that he blows
But they found nothing
Just his dirty swamp clothes

"They Found Him! They Found Him!"
Shouted a mother of one
She cried and she yelped
For the return of her son

They found the River Boy
He was very still
They found him at last
His name; Emmett Till


Nine

Equality
Was all we desired
We had finally achieved it
But we were not admired

We refused and We fought
Our way into the system
They had fear in their faces
And we were the victims

We walked toward the doors
They remained our hope
To endure
The familiar wars

Although our goal was closer than before
It appeared to extend
Out of my reach
They did not want to blend

Crowds of fearful faces
Continued to grow
But this had to be done
I had to just go

Heat and Hate
Pounded against my ears
I was not welcomed
I was simply feared

We were only nine
We were little and small
We continued to shrink
As those around us grew tall

I could not show my weakness
I had to be strong
For my family, For my people
I had to prove them wrong

When I walked through the doors
A bliss arose from the center of my heart
I was part of a movement
I was the start

No more racial inequality!
I will no longer be confined
Together we will be known
as the "Little Rock Nine"


Malcolm X:

 I am Malcolm X

I wonder when the pain will stop
I hear the cries of my people
I see their daily suffering
I want freedom
I am Malcolm X

I pretend to be strong
I feel anger toward suppressors
I touch the tears of pain
I worry for our unity
I cry for humanity
I am Malcolm X

I understand the cries of my people
I say "Fight!"
I dream of equality
I try to unify the people
I hope we exceed the white power
I am Malcolm X


The Rope


 Birmingham Birmingham
The center of hatred
Were we fought for equality
We just waited and waited

We fought them with kindness
We wanted no fear
But all of my people
Were unsafe here

They tore us
They hurt us
They burned us
They broke us

United we stood
Infinite and strong
There was one thing we wanted
Just to get along

The fear had driven to their minds
Where it altered
And their humanity
Was torn apart then halted

We remained a wall
Hand in hand
And sang songs of hope
We continued to stand

Through the tears and screams
We sustained our motivation
Fighting against what they believed
A damnation

We were herded like cattle
To our inevitable truth
We were held in confinement
But we sustained our youth

We sang all day long
We sang about hope
That one day we'll be freed
From that old, torn up rope