Tuesday, April 15, 2014
Works Cited
Works
Cited
EMI Music
Publishing. "The Doors." The
End Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.
Herblock.
"Protesting Vietnam." The
Center for the Teaching of American History. The Washington Post, 1967.
Web. 17 May 2014.
Herblock.
"Watergate Herblock Cartoons." Washington
Post. The Washington Post, 23 June 1972. Web. 17 May 2014.
History.com
Staff. "Watergate Scandal." History.com.
A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 23 May 2014.
<http://www.history.com/topics/watergate>.
"Lyndon
Johnson's "Great Society"" Ushistory.org.
Independence Hall Association. Web. 20 May 2014.
<http://www.ushistory.org/us/56e.asp>.
Marlette.
"Political Cartoons." Vietnam
War: Outcomes and Sacrifices. University of Texas. Web. 17 May 2014.
Mr. B.
"Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 - Part II." Crisis Pictures. Blogspot, 29 Aug. 2011. Web. 20 May 2014.
<http://crisispictures.blogspot.com/2011/08/cuban-missile-crisis-in-1962-part-ii.html>.
"Mushroom-cloud."
Daily Damocles. Wordpress, 15 June
2011. Web. 10 May 2014. <http://dailydamocles.wordpress.com/2010/12/03/blocking-start-does-the-gop-actually-want-an-attack-on-us-soil-under-obama/mushroom-cloud/>.
Oliver.
"Op Ed of the Year (and a Warning Obama Must Heed)." StarrTrek. Blogspot, 23 May 2008. Web.
10 May 2014. <http://owstarr.com/2008/05/23/op-ed-of-the-year-and-a-warning-obama-must-heed/>.
Special
Rider Music. "Bob Dylan." Mr.
Tambourine Man Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.
Special
Rider Music. "Bob Dylan." The
Times They Are A-changin' Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.
Truman
Library Staff. "July 30, 1965: President Lyndon B. Johnson Signs Medicare
Bill." Harry Truman Library &
Museum. National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 22 May 2014.
<http://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/medicarebill.htm>.
Universal
Music Publishing Group. "Barry Mcguire." - Eve Of Destruction Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.
Warner/Chappell
Music Inc., EMI Music Publishing, and Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC.
"Simon And Garfunkel." The
Sound Of Silence Lyrics. Metro Lyrics. Web. 15 May 2014.
"Watergate
Scandal." United States History.
US History Org. Web. 21 May 2014.
<http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1791.html>.
The Watergate Scandal
The Watergate Scandal
Who?
Five men broke into the DNC's office including Virgilio Gonzalez, Bernard Barker, James McCord, Eugenio Martinez, and Frank Sturgis. In January 30,1973, they were tried by Judge John Sirica. The security guard at the DNC's office, Frank Wills, discovered tape that covered latches on the doors and called the police. The general counsel to CPR (the Committee for the Re-Election of the President), G Gordon Liddy, created the campaign to wire tap the DNC Headquarters and presented it to Chairman, Jeb Stuart Magruder, Attorney General John Mitchell, and Presidential Counsel John Dean. Two of Liddy's subordinates that were involved included Howard Hunt and James McCord. President Nixon's recorded many of his conversations using a tape-recording system. This resulted in Nixon's resignation. The involved Nixon Administration members became known as the "Watergate Seven" this included Haldeman, Ehrlichman, Mitchell, Colson, Gordon C Strachan, Robert Mardian, and Kenneth Parkinson.
What?
The Watergate Scandal was a political scandal that involved a burglary into the Democratic National Committee headquarters by 5 men. The 5 men were caught by a security guard after attempting to break in once more to fix one of the wires that had been originally taped. It was revealed that the burglars had an affiliation with Nixon's CRP when a $25,000 dollar check was found in one of the burglars banks account signs by Attorney General John Mitchell. The FBI began further investigation to reveal more checks that involved the travel and expenses by Nixon's CRP required to hire the men. Over time it became prominent that the Watergate scandal was a minimum amount of the premeditated sabotage and spying against Democrats that was to be funded by Nixon's CRP. Nixon entered a state of paranoia and demanded that his deputy and attorney general resign their positions, this became known as the "Saturday Night Massacre." This eventually lead to a decision to impeach Nixon, which ultimately led to his resignation.
When?
On June 17,1972 the Democratic National Committee headquarters was broken into. The FBI revealed evidence of a "money trail" that displayed the CRP's alliance and connection to the break in and the following dates: June 19, 1972; August 1; April/ May 1972; September 29, 1972, and October 10 1972. Nixon release the transcriptions of his tapes on April 29, 1974. On April 30, 1972 the resignation of H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman was requested by Nixon. John Dean was also fired on this date. The burglars were tried and convicted on January 30, 1973. The "Saturday Night Massacre" occurred on October 20, 1973. On August 8, 1974, the president resigned on national television.
Where?
The Wategate Scandal occured in the United States of America. The break in on the night of June 17th occurred at the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate Office Complex In Washington D. C. Nixon had installed a recording system at the White House in the Oval Office. A grand jury in Washington, D. C., took legal action against the Watergate Seven. The Oval Office was also the location in which President Nixon resigned.
Why?
The overall motive of the break in has never been established. However, it is suggested that the break in, wire tapping, and recording all indicated a desire for information to be used against the Democrats. Many believe that the main target of the break in was Larry O'Brien, the Chairman at the DNC. Although, it is believed by James F. Neal, the prosecutor of the "Watergate Seven" that Nixon did not initiate the break in.
A Interpretation of Those Involved in President Johnson's Great Society
Featured below are three diary entries from an interpreted perspective of those affected by President Johnson's Great Society:
DATE: January 5, 1964:
Dear Diary,
Finally. Finally the sunlight has shown through the ashen clouds that restricted me to an all too familiar melancholic state. My soul has been resurrected from the cold walls I had suppressed myself to by the strange light of hope. It is the feeling one attains when a new friend is made; when the feeling of betrayal no longer persists, freeing the soul from the chains of negativity as it ascends to the euphoric heavens above. The hope lingers in my (once-cold) heart for my posterity. The children of my blood, they will no longer feel obligated to continue this familiar cycle of poverty that our family has endured. They have been given an opportunity of education; the defining factor of the worth of life in this society. It was yesterday when Johnson had announced the programs outlined in his Great Society, including the Head Start Program; the program which has reanimated a feeling of pure bliss. My children. My pure, innocent children. They will no longer be cursed with the question of whether they will have dinner each day. They will no longer be cursed by the cold-hearted blizzards of winter. They will no longer be cursed by the ambiguity of surviving each day. President Johnson. Oh god bless the great Johnson. Given this opportunity my children will thrive and relive the once prominent American Dream. My children will be successful and prosper in this nation, and so will their children and so on and so forth. Our family name will spread across the Americas. Our legacy of survival will precede our legacy of impoverishment. They will no longer associate us as the flea-ridden rats that thrive within the dark alleyways. We will forever be known as Stewarts: the strong-willed.
May god bless Johnson and his angelic soul. He has renlightened my life. Oh the skies have never gleamed so bright a blue and birds have never chirped so beautiful a song.
Mary Patricia Stewart
DATE: May 22, 1964:
Dear Journal,
I remember all the stories my grandmother would tell me as a teenager. However, unlike most stories, which are filled to the brim of bliss and impossible happy endings, her stories came from the harsh truth. From the scars; some of which were visible and others which lay deep within her heart and mind. She grew up in Alabama and was born in a filthy, fly-ridden barn. Unfortunately, my great grandmother had died giving birth to her. She doesn't remember much from her childhood, except the insecurity of being different. Different in a way that nearly every white person would either look right past you or acknowledge your presence with a face of horror and disgust. She was raised by her father as an only child. She described him as a hard man, he would try to hide his pain in front of her by constantly smiling around her, but she always felt the burning presence of his pain. She would tell me about how her father's eyes were "dead" -- though he seemed very much alive. When she reached the age of 17 the landowner had died and his nephew inherited the land. Immediately, after the death of the landowner, the nephew sold them into slavery. Upon the auction day, her father made a promise to remain by her side. When the auction began, she knew it would be the last time they would see each other. The prices ascended, his new owner stopped voting. She remembered the look of terror on his dazed and wet face as he tried to break free, as well as the cry of pain as he was beaten right in front of her for resisting. She had never seen her father ever again. Within a year, she had given birth to my uncles. At 19, my mother was born and the following year my aunt.
By the 1900s, the plantation was no longer functioning, but the racism driven violence and segregation still remained. They traveled to the northwest toward Colorado; arriving the approximate year. They lived in a segregated neighborhood of darker individuals. Although all seemed fine and peaceful, they remained fearful of of the lynchings. When she was 25, her mother had passed away of pneumonia, and the following year her brother. When she was 26 she met my father and they became one. By the age of 32 they had three children; my older sister Ruth, me, and my brother James.
When the Great Depression hit us, we were bombarded with famine and sickness. We had suffered through cold winters and days with no food. The families usual humor and happiness began precipitating off our faces and consequently our smiles. During one harsh winter my brother James died of tuberculosis. I was ten when he passed away, his contagious smile and pure goodness forever remains in my mind.
When I was 22 I met a man who stole my heart. Jack Henry Turner. It had never been a happier time in my life. I always felt safe around him. We married on April 21, 1940 and had our daughter Bethany on March 15, 1941. We raised her to be a beautiful and classy young lady. She inherited my eyes and her father's sarcastic humor. When all was going well, things turned for the worst. At 1:14 am on Febuary 23rd of 1963 my husband was lynched along with two other civil rights activists by 5 members of the KKK. To this day the authorities have yet to find him. He will forever remain a part of my heart and I will never forget him.
My family history has been burdened with moments of pain, terror, death, and injustice. However, today is the start of a new beginning; not only for me but for my family. Although the pain of the past remains, the terror and injustice are fading away. My hope for the end of racism and slavery in the future has begun. They are finally taking action and God has finally received my message. They've created the Voting Rights Act of 1964. They made it to my disbelief. My people have received their voice, will live for justice and we will fight for equality. No longer will their exist the discrimination and corruptness of the voting system. It has been purified. We will no longer be belittled by those damn literacy tests. We will rise above as equals. If only Jack were here to see this monumental move forward; he would be smiling of pure bliss from this progression Praise the lord and his mighty powers. Praise President Johnson and his blessed soul!
"I have a dream that my[...] little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character." -Martin Luther King Jr.
I believe this dream may come true. It may actually come true.
Helen Dorothy Turner
DATE: July 30, 1965:
Hello Again,
I bring joyous news! Today, after a long life of filled with aches and pains (due to the costly price of medical care), I may finally receive help for relieving the common discomfort of aging. President Johnson has implemented a plan that lay within his "Great Society," Medicare. To my benefit, it helps offset the costs of health care for senior citizens.
I am afraid that this event has caused a blissful smile to ascend permanently upon my face. Although, I find no problem with the existence of this bliss, a slight pain has begun to tingle on my jaw and cheeks due to the continuity of this expression of happiness.
Since the age of 22, I have suffered from the troublesome genetics of my parents. I am, however, not complaining in the fact that they have so gracefully provided me with their attractive physical features. Many of the doctors that have worked with (or rather on) me have described my case as a miracle. I have been bombarded with several diseases throughout my life; many of which the survival rate has been minimal. I am very thankful for the grand immune system that my parents have allowed me to inherit and the doctors that have aided me in my several recoveries; but I cannot help but feel guilt from the constant worry and financial burdens they must have suffered through. Unfortunately, My immune system has begun to disintegrate; as does everything else with aging. I would not have minded the common symptoms: the development of wrinkles, the aches, the pains. But, I do believe that this last struggle will begin to take control of the entirety of my life. Perhaps, even end it. Although, their remains a constant fear in my heart that these may be my last few years, my optimism has drowned the noise of this fatal prediction. And, so, I remain grateful for the life I have lived and will continue to fight as I have since the beginning of my life. Nonetheless, Medicare will at least degenerate some of the stress that my constant battle has brought upon me.
Richard William Lincoln
DATE: January 5, 1964:
Dear Diary,
Finally. Finally the sunlight has shown through the ashen clouds that restricted me to an all too familiar melancholic state. My soul has been resurrected from the cold walls I had suppressed myself to by the strange light of hope. It is the feeling one attains when a new friend is made; when the feeling of betrayal no longer persists, freeing the soul from the chains of negativity as it ascends to the euphoric heavens above. The hope lingers in my (once-cold) heart for my posterity. The children of my blood, they will no longer feel obligated to continue this familiar cycle of poverty that our family has endured. They have been given an opportunity of education; the defining factor of the worth of life in this society. It was yesterday when Johnson had announced the programs outlined in his Great Society, including the Head Start Program; the program which has reanimated a feeling of pure bliss. My children. My pure, innocent children. They will no longer be cursed with the question of whether they will have dinner each day. They will no longer be cursed by the cold-hearted blizzards of winter. They will no longer be cursed by the ambiguity of surviving each day. President Johnson. Oh god bless the great Johnson. Given this opportunity my children will thrive and relive the once prominent American Dream. My children will be successful and prosper in this nation, and so will their children and so on and so forth. Our family name will spread across the Americas. Our legacy of survival will precede our legacy of impoverishment. They will no longer associate us as the flea-ridden rats that thrive within the dark alleyways. We will forever be known as Stewarts: the strong-willed.
May god bless Johnson and his angelic soul. He has renlightened my life. Oh the skies have never gleamed so bright a blue and birds have never chirped so beautiful a song.
Mary Patricia Stewart
DATE: May 22, 1964:
Dear Journal,
I remember all the stories my grandmother would tell me as a teenager. However, unlike most stories, which are filled to the brim of bliss and impossible happy endings, her stories came from the harsh truth. From the scars; some of which were visible and others which lay deep within her heart and mind. She grew up in Alabama and was born in a filthy, fly-ridden barn. Unfortunately, my great grandmother had died giving birth to her. She doesn't remember much from her childhood, except the insecurity of being different. Different in a way that nearly every white person would either look right past you or acknowledge your presence with a face of horror and disgust. She was raised by her father as an only child. She described him as a hard man, he would try to hide his pain in front of her by constantly smiling around her, but she always felt the burning presence of his pain. She would tell me about how her father's eyes were "dead" -- though he seemed very much alive. When she reached the age of 17 the landowner had died and his nephew inherited the land. Immediately, after the death of the landowner, the nephew sold them into slavery. Upon the auction day, her father made a promise to remain by her side. When the auction began, she knew it would be the last time they would see each other. The prices ascended, his new owner stopped voting. She remembered the look of terror on his dazed and wet face as he tried to break free, as well as the cry of pain as he was beaten right in front of her for resisting. She had never seen her father ever again. Within a year, she had given birth to my uncles. At 19, my mother was born and the following year my aunt.
By the 1900s, the plantation was no longer functioning, but the racism driven violence and segregation still remained. They traveled to the northwest toward Colorado; arriving the approximate year. They lived in a segregated neighborhood of darker individuals. Although all seemed fine and peaceful, they remained fearful of of the lynchings. When she was 25, her mother had passed away of pneumonia, and the following year her brother. When she was 26 she met my father and they became one. By the age of 32 they had three children; my older sister Ruth, me, and my brother James.
When the Great Depression hit us, we were bombarded with famine and sickness. We had suffered through cold winters and days with no food. The families usual humor and happiness began precipitating off our faces and consequently our smiles. During one harsh winter my brother James died of tuberculosis. I was ten when he passed away, his contagious smile and pure goodness forever remains in my mind.
When I was 22 I met a man who stole my heart. Jack Henry Turner. It had never been a happier time in my life. I always felt safe around him. We married on April 21, 1940 and had our daughter Bethany on March 15, 1941. We raised her to be a beautiful and classy young lady. She inherited my eyes and her father's sarcastic humor. When all was going well, things turned for the worst. At 1:14 am on Febuary 23rd of 1963 my husband was lynched along with two other civil rights activists by 5 members of the KKK. To this day the authorities have yet to find him. He will forever remain a part of my heart and I will never forget him.
My family history has been burdened with moments of pain, terror, death, and injustice. However, today is the start of a new beginning; not only for me but for my family. Although the pain of the past remains, the terror and injustice are fading away. My hope for the end of racism and slavery in the future has begun. They are finally taking action and God has finally received my message. They've created the Voting Rights Act of 1964. They made it to my disbelief. My people have received their voice, will live for justice and we will fight for equality. No longer will their exist the discrimination and corruptness of the voting system. It has been purified. We will no longer be belittled by those damn literacy tests. We will rise above as equals. If only Jack were here to see this monumental move forward; he would be smiling of pure bliss from this progression Praise the lord and his mighty powers. Praise President Johnson and his blessed soul!
"I have a dream that my[...] little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character." -Martin Luther King Jr.
I believe this dream may come true. It may actually come true.
Helen Dorothy Turner
DATE: July 30, 1965:
Hello Again,
I bring joyous news! Today, after a long life of filled with aches and pains (due to the costly price of medical care), I may finally receive help for relieving the common discomfort of aging. President Johnson has implemented a plan that lay within his "Great Society," Medicare. To my benefit, it helps offset the costs of health care for senior citizens.
I am afraid that this event has caused a blissful smile to ascend permanently upon my face. Although, I find no problem with the existence of this bliss, a slight pain has begun to tingle on my jaw and cheeks due to the continuity of this expression of happiness.
Since the age of 22, I have suffered from the troublesome genetics of my parents. I am, however, not complaining in the fact that they have so gracefully provided me with their attractive physical features. Many of the doctors that have worked with (or rather on) me have described my case as a miracle. I have been bombarded with several diseases throughout my life; many of which the survival rate has been minimal. I am very thankful for the grand immune system that my parents have allowed me to inherit and the doctors that have aided me in my several recoveries; but I cannot help but feel guilt from the constant worry and financial burdens they must have suffered through. Unfortunately, My immune system has begun to disintegrate; as does everything else with aging. I would not have minded the common symptoms: the development of wrinkles, the aches, the pains. But, I do believe that this last struggle will begin to take control of the entirety of my life. Perhaps, even end it. Although, their remains a constant fear in my heart that these may be my last few years, my optimism has drowned the noise of this fatal prediction. And, so, I remain grateful for the life I have lived and will continue to fight as I have since the beginning of my life. Nonetheless, Medicare will at least degenerate some of the stress that my constant battle has brought upon me.
Richard William Lincoln
A Musical Representation of the Era
Eve of Destruction by Barry Mcguire
The eastern world it is explodin', violence flarin', bullets loadin'
You're old enough to kill but not for votin'
You don't believe in war, what's that gun you're totin'
And even the Jordan river has bodies floatin'
You're old enough to kill but not for votin'
You don't believe in war, what's that gun you're totin'
And even the Jordan river has bodies floatin'
But you tell me over and over and over again my friend
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
Don't you understand, what I'm trying to say?
Can't you see the fear that I'm feeling today?
If the button is pushed, there's no running away
There'll be none to save with the world in a grave
Take a look around you, boy, it's bound to scare you, boy
Can't you see the fear that I'm feeling today?
If the button is pushed, there's no running away
There'll be none to save with the world in a grave
Take a look around you, boy, it's bound to scare you, boy
But you tell me over and over and over again my friend
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
Yeah, my blood's so mad, feels like coagulatin'
I'm sittin' here just contemplatin'
I can't twist the truth, it knows no regulation
Handful of Senators don't pass legislation
I'm sittin' here just contemplatin'
I can't twist the truth, it knows no regulation
Handful of Senators don't pass legislation
And marches alone can't bring integration
When human respect is disintegratin'
This whole crazy world is just too frustratin'
When human respect is disintegratin'
This whole crazy world is just too frustratin'
And you tell me over and over and over again my friend
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
Think of all the hate there is in Red China
Then take a look around to Selma, Alabama
Ah, you may leave here for four days in space
But when you return it's the same old place
Then take a look around to Selma, Alabama
Ah, you may leave here for four days in space
But when you return it's the same old place
The poundin' of the drums, the pride and disgrace
You can bury your dead but don't leave a trace
Hate your next door neighbor but don't forget to say grace
You can bury your dead but don't leave a trace
Hate your next door neighbor but don't forget to say grace
And you tell me over and over and over and over again my friend
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
The Times They Are A-changing' By Bob Dylan
The blue bus is callin' us
The blue bus is callin' us
Driver, where you taken' us
The killer awoke before dawn, he put his boots on
He took a face from the ancient gallery
And he walked on down the hall
He went into the room where his sister and lived, and... then he
Paid a visit to his brother, and then he
He walked on down the hall, and
And he came to a oor...and he looked inside
Father, yes son. I want to kill you
Mother... I want to...WAAAAAA
C'mon baby-----------No "Take a change with us"
C'mon baby, take a chance with us
C'mon baby take a chance with us
And meet me at the back of the blue bus
Doin' a blue rock
On a blue bus
Doin' a blue rock
C'mon, yeah
Kill. Kill. Kill. Kill. Kill. Kill.
This is the end
Beautiful friend
This is the end
My only friend, the end
It hurts to set you free
But you'll never follow me
The end of laughter and soft lies
The end of nights we tried to die
This is the end
Mr. Tambourine Man by Bob Dylan
Ah, you don't believe we're on the eve of destruction
The Times They Are A-changing' By Bob Dylan
Gather 'round people
Wherever you roam
And admit that the waters
Around you have grown
Wherever you roam
And admit that the waters
Around you have grown
And accept it that soon
You'll be drenched to the bone
If your time to you
Is worth savin'
You'll be drenched to the bone
If your time to you
Is worth savin'
Then you better start swimmin'
Or you'll sink like a stone
For the times they are a-changin'
Or you'll sink like a stone
For the times they are a-changin'
Come writers and critics
Who prophesize with your pen
Keep your eyes wide
The chance won't come again
Who prophesize with your pen
Keep your eyes wide
The chance won't come again
Don't speak too soon
For the wheel's still in spin
And there's no tellin' who
That it's namin'
For the wheel's still in spin
And there's no tellin' who
That it's namin'
For the loser now
Will be later to win
For the times they, they are a-changin'
Will be later to win
For the times they, they are a-changin'
Come senators, Congressmen
Please heed the call
Don't stand at the doorway
Don't block up the hall
Please heed the call
Don't stand at the doorway
Don't block up the hall
For he that gets hurt
Will be he who has stalled
There's a battle outside
And it's ragin'
Will be he who has stalled
There's a battle outside
And it's ragin'
It'll soon shake your windows
And rattle your walls
For the times they are a-changin'
And rattle your walls
For the times they are a-changin'
Come mothers and fathers
Throughout the land
Don't criticize
What you can't understand
Throughout the land
Don't criticize
What you can't understand
Your sons and your daughters
Are beyond your command
Your old road is
Rapidly agin'
Are beyond your command
Your old road is
Rapidly agin'
Please get out of the new one
If you can't lend a hand
For your times they are a-changin'
If you can't lend a hand
For your times they are a-changin'
The line it is drawn
And the curse it is cast
The slow one now
Will later be fast
And the curse it is cast
The slow one now
Will later be fast
As the present now
Will later be past
The order is
Rapidly fadin'
Will later be past
The order is
Rapidly fadin'
And the first one now
Will later be last
For the times they are a-changin'
Will later be last
For the times they are a-changin'
The Sound of Silence by Simon & Garfunkel
Hello darkness, my old friend
I've come to talk with you again
Because a vision softly creeping
Left its seeds while I was sleeping
And the vision that was planted
In my brain still remains
Within the sound of silence
I've come to talk with you again
Because a vision softly creeping
Left its seeds while I was sleeping
And the vision that was planted
In my brain still remains
Within the sound of silence
In restless dreams, I walked alone
Narrow streets of cobblestone
'Neath the halo of a street lamp
I turned my collar to the cold and damp
When my eyes were stabbed by the flash
Of a neon light that split the night
And touched the sound of silence
Narrow streets of cobblestone
'Neath the halo of a street lamp
I turned my collar to the cold and damp
When my eyes were stabbed by the flash
Of a neon light that split the night
And touched the sound of silence
And in the naked light I saw
Ten thousand people, maybe more
People talking without speaking
People hearing without listening
People writing songs that voices
Never shared and no one dared
Disturb the sound of silence
Ten thousand people, maybe more
People talking without speaking
People hearing without listening
People writing songs that voices
Never shared and no one dared
Disturb the sound of silence
"Fools", said I, "You do not know
Silence like a cancer grows
Hear my words that I might teach you
Take my arms that I might reach you"
But my words, like silent raindrops fell
And echoed in the wells of silence
Silence like a cancer grows
Hear my words that I might teach you
Take my arms that I might reach you"
But my words, like silent raindrops fell
And echoed in the wells of silence
And the people bowed and prayed
To the neon god they made
And the sign flashed out its warning
In the words that it was forming
And the sign said, The words of the prophets are written
On the subway walls and tenement halls
And whispered in the sounds of silence"
The End by The Doors
This is the end
Beautiful friend
This is the end
My only friend, the end
Of out elaborate plants, the end
Of everything that stans, the end
No safety or surprise, the end
I'll never look into your eyes...again
Can you picture what will be
So limitless and free
Desperately in need...of some...stranger's hand
In a...desperate land
Lost in a Roman...wilderness of pain
And all the children are insane
All the children are insane
Waiting for the summer rain, yeah
There's danger on the edge of town
Ride the King's highway, baby
Weird scenes inside the gold mine
Ride the highway west, baby
Ride the snake, ride the snake
To the lake, the ancient lake, baby
The snake is long, seven miles
Ride the snake...he's old, and his skin is cold
The west is the best
The west is the best
Get here, and we'll do the restTo the neon god they made
And the sign flashed out its warning
In the words that it was forming
And the sign said, The words of the prophets are written
On the subway walls and tenement halls
And whispered in the sounds of silence"
The End by The Doors
This is the end
Beautiful friend
This is the end
My only friend, the end
Of out elaborate plants, the end
Of everything that stans, the end
No safety or surprise, the end
I'll never look into your eyes...again
Can you picture what will be
So limitless and free
Desperately in need...of some...stranger's hand
In a...desperate land
Lost in a Roman...wilderness of pain
And all the children are insane
All the children are insane
Waiting for the summer rain, yeah
There's danger on the edge of town
Ride the King's highway, baby
Weird scenes inside the gold mine
Ride the highway west, baby
Ride the snake, ride the snake
To the lake, the ancient lake, baby
The snake is long, seven miles
Ride the snake...he's old, and his skin is cold
The west is the best
The west is the best
The blue bus is callin' us
The blue bus is callin' us
Driver, where you taken' us
The killer awoke before dawn, he put his boots on
He took a face from the ancient gallery
And he walked on down the hall
He went into the room where his sister and lived, and... then he
Paid a visit to his brother, and then he
He walked on down the hall, and
And he came to a oor...and he looked inside
Father, yes son. I want to kill you
Mother... I want to...WAAAAAA
C'mon baby-----------No "Take a change with us"
C'mon baby, take a chance with us
C'mon baby take a chance with us
And meet me at the back of the blue bus
Doin' a blue rock
On a blue bus
Doin' a blue rock
C'mon, yeah
Kill. Kill. Kill. Kill. Kill. Kill.
This is the end
Beautiful friend
This is the end
My only friend, the end
It hurts to set you free
But you'll never follow me
The end of laughter and soft lies
The end of nights we tried to die
This is the end
Mr. Tambourine Man by Bob Dylan
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
Though I know that evening's empire has returned into sand
Vanished from my hand
Left me blindly here to stand but still not sleeping
Vanished from my hand
Left me blindly here to stand but still not sleeping
My weariness amazes me, I am branded on my feet
I have no one to meet
And the ancient empty street's too dead for dreaming
I have no one to meet
And the ancient empty street's too dead for dreaming
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
Take me on a trip upon your magic swirlin' ship
My senses have been stripped, my hands can't feel to grip
My toes too numb to step, wait only for my boot heels to be wanderin'
My senses have been stripped, my hands can't feel to grip
My toes too numb to step, wait only for my boot heels to be wanderin'
I'm ready to go anywhere, I'm ready for to fade
Into my own parade, cast your dancing spell my way
I promise to go under it
Into my own parade, cast your dancing spell my way
I promise to go under it
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
Though you might hear laughin', spinnin', swingin' madly across the sun
It's not aimed at anyone, it's just escapin' on the run
And but for the sky there are no fences facin'
It's not aimed at anyone, it's just escapin' on the run
And but for the sky there are no fences facin'
And if you hear vague traces of skippin' reels of rhyme
To your tambourine in time, it's just a ragged clown behind
I wouldn't pay it any mind, it's just a shadow you're seein'
That he's chasing
To your tambourine in time, it's just a ragged clown behind
I wouldn't pay it any mind, it's just a shadow you're seein'
That he's chasing
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
Then take me disappearin' through the smoke rings of my mind
Down the foggy ruins of time, far past the frozen leaves
The haunted, frightened trees, out to the windy beach
Far from the twisted reach of crazy sorrow
Down the foggy ruins of time, far past the frozen leaves
The haunted, frightened trees, out to the windy beach
Far from the twisted reach of crazy sorrow
Yes, to dance beneath the diamond sky with one hand waving free
Silhouetted by the sea, circled by the circus sands
With all memory and fate driven deep beneath the waves
Let me forget about today until tomorrow
Silhouetted by the sea, circled by the circus sands
With all memory and fate driven deep beneath the waves
Let me forget about today until tomorrow
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to
Hey, Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me
In the jingle jangle morning, I'll come followin' you
Poetry of the Civil Rights Movement
Long Live the King
"Martin Luther King!"
Across the Pacific Bay
I hear his name ring
As the children play
"Martin Luther King!"
A new generation was born
They fought for their freedom
To rip out the thorns
"Marin Luther King!"
It bounced through the streets
He was their white light
He was their hope against defeat
"Martin Luther King Rest in Peace"
They all cried
Not a single sound of bliss
Silenced by his wound; open wide
"Martin Luther King Rest in Peace"
Was a pierce to the heart
Of a man with infinite hope
Their bliss fell apart
"Martin Luther King Rest in Peace"
They all mourn
Sharper than a bee sting
As their hope was all torn
"Long live the King"
"Martin Luther King"
"Long live the King"
The River Boy
Under the murky, swampy water
Lay a world of eerie stillness
Where all was dark and deep
Entranced in a blanket of numbness
Until one day
The stillness was halted
By two men
Fearful, they bolted
Away from the waters
They ran in fear
While the boy, he surfaced
Very still and very near
They saw the River Boy
and the bubbles he blew
to the surface they rose
with a gut green hue
They could not tell anyone
For they feared the worst
That someone else may see him
And suffer the curse
As word got around
Of the boy and his home
Where he swam with the fish
And was free to roam
Crowds came to see
To catch him, to expose
To meet him again
With all of his soaked clothes
They searched and they searched
For the bubbles that he blows
But they found nothing
Just his dirty swamp clothes
"They Found Him! They Found Him!"
Shouted a mother of one
She cried and she yelped
For the return of her son
They found the River Boy
He was very still
They found him at last
His name; Emmett Till
Nine
Equality
Was all we desired
We had finally achieved it
But we were not admired
We refused and We fought
Our way into the system
They had fear in their faces
And we were the victims
We walked toward the doors
They remained our hope
To endure
The familiar wars
Although our goal was closer than before
It appeared to extend
Out of my reach
They did not want to blend
Crowds of fearful faces
Continued to grow
But this had to be done
I had to just go
Heat and Hate
Pounded against my ears
I was not welcomed
I was simply feared
We were only nine
We were little and small
We continued to shrink
As those around us grew tall
I could not show my weakness
I had to be strong
For my family, For my people
I had to prove them wrong
When I walked through the doors
A bliss arose from the center of my heart
I was part of a movement
I was the start
No more racial inequality!
I will no longer be confined
Together we will be known
as the "Little Rock Nine"
Malcolm X:
I am Malcolm X
I wonder when the pain will stop
I hear the cries of my people
I see their daily suffering
I want freedom
I am Malcolm X
I pretend to be strong
I feel anger toward suppressors
I touch the tears of pain
I worry for our unity
I cry for humanity
I am Malcolm X
I understand the cries of my people
I say "Fight!"
I dream of equality
I try to unify the people
I hope we exceed the white power
I am Malcolm X
The Rope
Birmingham Birmingham
The center of hatred
Were we fought for equality
We just waited and waited
We fought them with kindness
We wanted no fear
But all of my people
Were unsafe here
They tore us
They hurt us
They burned us
They broke us
United we stood
Infinite and strong
There was one thing we wanted
Just to get along
The fear had driven to their minds
Where it altered
And their humanity
Was torn apart then halted
We remained a wall
Hand in hand
And sang songs of hope
We continued to stand
Through the tears and screams
We sustained our motivation
Fighting against what they believed
A damnation
We were herded like cattle
To our inevitable truth
We were held in confinement
But we sustained our youth
We sang all day long
We sang about hope
That one day we'll be freed
From that old, torn up rope
Humorists Satirize the Vietnam War and the Watergate Scandal
1)
Interpretation:
This political cartoon accentuates the underlying gruesome nature of war, as well as satirize the constant degrading of "doves" by political representatives. Through the use of emotional appeal, the artist displays their belief of the monstrous and appalling truth of the Vietnam War.
As represented by the faces of horror, the residents of Vietnam are constantly suffering from the violence of the war. The man depicted within the left side of the cartoon appears to be holding a child of his. The child, through shades of black and grey, appears to be injured. The two characters depicted behind the man are displaying emotions of distress and horror. The women, as indicated by the presence of longer hair, is demonstrated with lines across the torso symbolizing the hunger and starvation that affects the citizens of Vietnam War. The artist displays his negative belief of the Vietnam War by depicting a variety of individuals; indicating that the war has been causing more negative affects that benefits for the residents of Vietnam. The artist succesfully accentuates the suffering that had been doomed upon the Vietnamese; starvartion, loss, pain, and death.
The artist then emphasizes the lack of perception and understanding the "doves" receive from the politicians. A man is depicted within the bottom right corner appearing in a very agressive way. His aggression is emphasized by the body language in which he was displayed; feet flat on the ground, hand in a first, other pointing accusingly at the man wearing the peace sign. The other character appears in a very shy manner. Contrasting with the other character, the character is wearing a peace sign upon a bulky jacket. The feet is crossed and the arms are close together; indicating a very closed in body language. This character is also carrying a sign that states "Stop the Killing." From this depiction the character can be identified as an interpretation of a "dove." The aggressiveness displayed by the other man and the bashfulness displayed by the second character, allow for the artist to develop the seated man with a negative connotation.
The title of the piece, "You Peaceniks Burn Me Up!," also allows for the artist to critique the "hawks." It can be assumed by the body language of the seated man that the title is meant to act as the character's dialouge. "Burn Me Up!" allows for the interpreter to understand that the man feels constantly bothered by the "dove." The exclamation point also emphasizes the aggressiveness of the "hawk."
Overall, the artist successfully displays his critique and beliefs against the Vietnam War by displaying the suffering of the Vietnamese and the aggressiveness of the "hawks."
2)
Interpretation:
This political cartoon satirizes the hypocracy and imbalance of the budget in the United States during the Vietnam war through the use of personifaction. The artist creates human interpretations of three items he/she believes are issues in the US; administration, the Vietnam war, and US urban needs.
The person representing administration wears a suit and is characterized by his large ears and nose to be Richard Nixon. President Nixon, at the time, was typically depicted with his ears and nose exaggerated in size. Directly above Nixon the artist features a humorous quotation stating "There's money enough to support both of you...now, doesn't that make you feel better?" This quotation directly allows the examiner to identify the subject that is being depicted upon; money distribution. The last portion of the quotation (the question) pokes fun at the thought that administration believes that the fact that having enough money for both is more important rather than distributing it evenly. Although he remains in the center of both other figures, he appears to be leaning closer to the figure symbolizing the Vietnam War. This aspect of the Nixon character displays the imbalance of taxes imposed more toward the Vietnam War rather than US urban needs. The administration character hand gestures are also posed symbolically. One of the characters hands is pointing upward toward the US urban need character. This signification portrays the opinions of administration; they belittle and scold the citizens needs as if the character displaying US urban needs was a child. On the other hand, the Nixon character keeps his arm wrapped around that of the Vietnam War; symbolizing the close relationship and preference for supporting and financing the Vietnam War.
The Vietnam War character is depicted as a voluptuous women displaying several various gaudy garments. The character appears to be sporting expensive accessories (including bejeweled bracelets, necklaces, rings, and earings), a short dress, fishnets, heels, a long fur boa, and a small embellished purse with perfectly completed hair and makeup. In contrast to the other woman (symbolizing US labor needs) her abdomen appears to protrude. All of these factors symbolize the fact that adminstration was essentially "spoiling" the Vietnam War by investing an excessive amount of money into the war.
In contrast to the Vietnam War character depicted, the US labor needs character appears frail with tattered clothes. The woman lacks proper foot wear and clothes to protect her excessively thin extremities. Her face also appears bare and her hair lacks proper grooming. Overall, the portrayal of US labor needs criticizes the lack of attention and budget money that was being administered to the citizens needs during the Vietnam War.
3)
Interpretation:
This political cartoon brings attention to the infamous political scandal, the Watergate Scandal. The artist Herbert Block, is capable of developing a sarcastic and annoyed tone when expressing his opinions on the Watergate Scandal through his depiction of the trails, the title, the men, and the building.
Block depicts three trails all of which represent a different and suspicious occurrence during the historical period. The trails are labeled "bugging case," "Nixon fund scandals," and "Intervention in I.T.T case." The depiction of shoe marks appear to be exiting from the building. The darkness of the shoe marks allow for the examiner to make the assumption that these were recent events. The "Bugging Case" calls attention toward the break in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in Washington, D.C.. During the break in the burglars were ordered to wire tap the office. Later on it was also revealed that Nixon had implemented a recording system inside the Oval Office. The trail labeled "Nixon Fund Scandals" acknowledges the many suspicious money involvements with other individuals/ corporations Nixon was incorporated into. Scandals such as the Milk Fund Scandal, in which Nixon had planned on cutting funding for the production of milk until he had received $2 million dollar contributions by the milk corporations for his re-election campaign. By doing so, Block allows for the examiner to understand the greedy corruption that was a characteristic of Nixon; revealing that Nixon would be willing to alter his beliefs and decisions based on the presence of money. The third trail, "Intervention in I.T.T. Case," calls attention toward the ITT Scandal of 1969 in which Nixon accepts $400,000 to hold a political convention in San Diego causing John Mitchell to attempt to persuade the administration to drop the anti-trust law suits. All three trails make Nixon's greed driven decisions more prominent to the examiner.
The men depicted in the lower left corner are depicted as investigators. There occupation can be identified by the fedora hats, the long coats, and the magnification glass; all of which are typically used by cartoonists to identify an investigator. Investigators are used to create the implication of something suspicious or illegal about the location and the presence of the trails.
The building, as indicated by the facade of large columns and monotonic windows is the White House. By depicting the White House the artist also created an association with the trails (which are depicted coming from the White House) and the resident President Nixon.
The title, over all other depictions, is what creates the sarcastic yet annoyed tone of Block's. The title is represented as dialouge exchanged by the investigators it states "Strange...They all seem to have some connection with this place." However, the obviousness and prominence of the footprints, which is being examined by one of the investigators, as they are exiting the white house, allows for the development of Block's tone. By making the "clues" so obvious, Block is not only bringing attention to the corruption of Nixon's presidency but also poking fun at the FBI. Block believes that the factors and the clues so obviously lead to the same implication of corruption, however, the FBI is too ignorant enough to connect the clues back to the prominent suspect.
In Perspective
Featured below are interviews of those who lived during the 60s and 70s:
Q:What was your life like in the 60s and 70s?
A: We lived on a ranch and we would take our horses from the stables to ride them around town. We would ride them all the way to Laguna Beach and over the hills. There was nothing. No Golden Lantern. Nothing. I'd ride all the way to Crown Valley and then across Crown Valley and over the hills. Charlie has lived here his whole life too. His Grandmother, she's...or his aunt she's 84 and she's been here since 47.
Q: How was the music?
A: Oh Great! We partied like rock stars. "Swore to fun, loyal to none."
Q: Were you part of any counterculture movements, such as environmentalism and feminism?
A:Yeah, totally. Totally hipified! I didn't shave my legs until I was 16. Really, my mom told me not to. Yeah, it was totally a different time. We used to hitch hike around. It was safe in Laguna then and they had the free bus that ran up and down pacific coast highway. I could go to Crown Valley and all to North Laguna on the bus. It was great! Totally different. Friday or Saturday Night at the movie theatre in Laguna Beach there would be a band it was called Honk that would play and all the hippies would go there. We'd go there and we'd only pay a dollar to get in and they would play. It was pretty cool. The era was very innocent. I don't know we just rode our horses and just had fun. I used to ride my horses here in San Juan. I would come home and just time them to the front tree and make myself a sandwich. They would "fertilize the yard" we'll say and eat the grass while I'd make a sandwich. Afterwards, I'd go back to the stables and go.
Q: Do you remember what your opinions were of JFK, Nixon, and Johnson?
A: No, we just wanted more liberal stuff. You know, because I was pretty hipified. I remember in 1973 when Roe vs Wade was taking place with abortion and that whole movement and stuff like that. And taking part in them. We mainly wanted a liberal, you know, politicians and that kind of thing. I think back then we probably wanted them to legalize marijuana. Who ever was smokin' it. Yeah, we just went to the beach everyday and rode our horses, went to school. You know, get an education and that was the big thing. That my parents wanted. I could get my freedom but I needed to get an education. I went to UC Davis and had great grades and then get a job. So it was good.
Q: Do you remember how everyone reacted to the assassination of JFK?
A: No, i was too young. I remember being a little kid and everybody crying with the black and white TV on. I was probably about three at least.
Q: Do you remember the Watergate Scandal?
A: Oh, yeah. I remember it but I was more focused on other things. I just thought that whatever I had to say doesn't have anything to do with that.
Q: Were you ever part of any hippie communes?
A: No, but when I moved out of my parent's house one time for I don't know about six months, my friend and I when we ran out of money, we would go to the areas of hippies and they would feed us every day. We had to eat vegetarian but we needed to.
Q: As far as the hippie culture is, were you involved in any drug use?
A: Yeah. Smoked pot. I took acid once, accidentally. Someone gave it to me and didn't tell me what it was. 'Oh here you want a piece of this candy?' 'Oh, yeah I'll have that!" So, yeah I did that once accidentally, but smoking pot was kind of the thing. I never got into hard drugs or anything like that. I was pretty focused on horses and going to school. That was it. It was as if I didn't do that, my parents would take everything away. "Pulled the chain tight."
Q: Is there a distinct memory that you have of the 60s or 70s?
A: Just so much fun. Just fun. A great life that I had. That was no 'dress rehearsal' that was my life. Living for today. Just today. I was fortunate enough to live with a family with parents that loved me and let me do that. Being a free spirit. Cause, things were so different. I was a free spirit but they kept me on a chain and pulled me when I got too crazy. They were always 'your'e a little too wild' and they would reel it back in. It was a different time because things were so innocent and there wasn't a lot of crime, like there is now. I think we're desperate now. Back then people just wanted to get by. Things weren't that expensive. No one was trying to keep up with anyone else.
Q: Do you think there are any lessons to be learned?
A: Yeah. Just make things more simple. A simple life is better than a complicated life.
Kathy:
Last names are excluded for privacy purposes.
Harvey & Denise:
Q:Where did you live and what were you doing in the 60s and 70s?
Harvey: I was born in El Toro and lived there in the 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s...
Denise:In the 60s, part of the 60s I lived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and during another party I lived in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Then in 68 we moved to California.
Q: What type of clothes did you wear and what kinds of music did you listen to?
D: I was a total hippie. I had the love beads, the bell bottom jeans. We used to sew our own, you know, make our own hippie clothes. We would take the scarves and make tops, halter tops out of them. We crocheted and macromade purses and hung bells from them. We wore the leather hats and... Typical hippie, yes I was.
H: I was in jeans and t-shirts. Well, in the 60s I was in diapers.
Q: What music did you listen to?
D: Classic Rock.
Q: Any specific artists?
D: Led Zepplin, The Stones, The Doors... we were just listening to some on the TV. All kinds of stuff. All classic rock, the bands. And the Beatles, you know, we started with the Beatles. They were like the really hot band back then...the boy band. Everybody had their favorite Beatle too. When I was a kid, everybody picked the cutest or the one they liked the best. For me it was John Lennon.
Q: What do you remember about President Kennedy?
D: Everybody went to pieces when he was shot. I remember it because I was old enough, that people were crying every where you went. If you went to the store, people were crying. If you went to church, people were crying and saying prayers for him. It was a big deal when he got shot. He was like the great hope, the great white light. He was the youngest president and all the young people went to vote for him. For the first time it was a presidential candidate that they could relate to. He looked so young and acted so young. They never expected that to happen, they expected a really radiant presidency. Then he died. But even older people, everybody was devastated. He was so well liked, everybody liked him.
Q: What do you remember about his domestic and foreign policy?
D: I was a kid back then but over the years I learned that he was pretty savvy. He really tried to negotiate with Russia during the Missile Crisis. He thought we were really going to go into a nuclear war. We were that close. You wouldn't be here today. He had thought, well let's give it one more try. He was able to read people very well. Even when he didn't speak to them in person. He could even read a letter that someone would send like a memo or something, and he knew how to read between the lines. So, he was pretty smart, he was a pretty smart guy.
Q: What do you remember about President Johnson?
D: Well at the time that he was president, he wasn't very popular. We didn't like him very much, but he did stand up for equal rights. The equal rights amendment, and he was very passionate about getting that passed. He didn't like the Vietnam war, he didn't want to go into it. He wasn't a bad guy, he just didn't have the charisma or the delivery of Kennedy. It would have been hard for anybody to follow in the footsteps of president Kennedy.
Q: What do you remember about the Vietnam War and you participate in any protest movements?
D: Yes, I was at the University of San Diego when they had the uhm... the uh... the armed... what are they called the domestic?
H: National Guard?
D: Yes, they brought the National Guard and they pointed rifles at it. I was one of those people that had a flower in my hand and I stuck it in the barrel of one of their rifles. We weren't real happy to see them and they had no business to be there. It was a sit-in. It was a peaceful protest. So I was very much against the Vietnam War and so were my friends. I didn't understand much about it but I was still pretty young. I understood enough to know that we should not have gotten into that war and people were dying for nothing. People were killed on both sides, innocent people, people that weren't even involved that just, you know, lived there. They napalm on entire villages and wiped out a lot of innocent people. That's what we were protesting. I knew that much and that's what we were protesting but peacfully. I never got involved in throwing anything like that.
Q: What do you remember about the Civil Rights Movement and in which way were you involved?
A: I lived in Milwaukee when it was going on in the 60s and Milwaukee was a very segregated and divided city. There were lots and lots of African Americans and there were lots of European nationality people. We were Europeans but we lived in the poor part of town. My parents were immigrants so we lived with a lot of African American people and I had African American Friends. An African American boy saved my life more than one actually. Some other African American kids had come along and hung me by my... I mean you know there were some violent things going on, I lived in the dangerous part of town. They hung me by my jump rope and while I was hanging there. I remember one boy, one African American boy, came and helped me down and I lived and you know, so. In Brazil, they didn't have... the slaves were set free very early. They didn't have to fight for their freedom it wasn't a Civil War over slavery as there was here. America has a very distinct history about that and in Brazil they were set free almost immediately. They served their time as slaves but they were freed within decades. And they just became a part of the culture, of society. There's still always prejudice, I think, everywhere against people who don't look the same. I think a lot of times it's just ignorance. I have come to believe that prejudice a lot of times just comes from ignorance. You know, you don't know a lot about those people and you think oh they don't have a very good life, they do this for a living, they were these kind of clothes, or whatever. We tend to judge because we don't know but if youve lived there and had the same life... I was actually kind of lucky that we lived in the poor part of Milwaukee. I learned to have all kinds of friends from all around the world. Hey i'm doin' all the talkin' here. What's going on?
H: I don't remember anything.
D: We need to get out of the 60s cause he's younger. That way he can say something too. " I was a baby. I remember I used to were a diaper."
Q: What do you remember about President Nixon and the Watergate Scandal?
A: Yeah that was real bad. I was very opinionated at that time. I was a young person and I was old enough to vote. I wouldn't have voted for him... the young people did not vote for Nixon. He ran against President Kennedy. So right there, that was a point against him. He just didn't appear to be very honest. We still, as young people, wanted somebody with a little bit of charisma. We wanted someone who you were proud to represent you to the world. So, there are certain Presidents since then that have. President Clinton did a good job. He's intelligent, articulate, he gave good speeches and Nixon was just kind of, he wasn't very charismatic at all. He was kind of dull and his speeches were not too good. So we didn't vote for him, but I new people who were. They were very enthusiastic. People my own age, people in there 20s that just thought he was the best thing ever and I could not understand it and I never did. Then when the Watergate thing happened I was like "well, what'd you expect?" Then we really didn't like him. He didn't appear trustworthy. He didn't appear to be a truthful man. I mean, there were lots of secrets that since then we've found out.
Q: What type of clothes did you wear and what kinds of music did you listen to?
D: I was a total hippie. I had the love beads, the bell bottom jeans. We used to sew our own, you know, make our own hippie clothes. We would take the scarves and make tops, halter tops out of them. We crocheted and macromade purses and hung bells from them. We wore the leather hats and... Typical hippie, yes I was.
H: I was in jeans and t-shirts. Well, in the 60s I was in diapers.
Q: What music did you listen to?
D: Classic Rock.
Q: Any specific artists?
D: Led Zepplin, The Stones, The Doors... we were just listening to some on the TV. All kinds of stuff. All classic rock, the bands. And the Beatles, you know, we started with the Beatles. They were like the really hot band back then...the boy band. Everybody had their favorite Beatle too. When I was a kid, everybody picked the cutest or the one they liked the best. For me it was John Lennon.
Q: What do you remember about President Kennedy?
D: Everybody went to pieces when he was shot. I remember it because I was old enough, that people were crying every where you went. If you went to the store, people were crying. If you went to church, people were crying and saying prayers for him. It was a big deal when he got shot. He was like the great hope, the great white light. He was the youngest president and all the young people went to vote for him. For the first time it was a presidential candidate that they could relate to. He looked so young and acted so young. They never expected that to happen, they expected a really radiant presidency. Then he died. But even older people, everybody was devastated. He was so well liked, everybody liked him.
Q: What do you remember about his domestic and foreign policy?
D: I was a kid back then but over the years I learned that he was pretty savvy. He really tried to negotiate with Russia during the Missile Crisis. He thought we were really going to go into a nuclear war. We were that close. You wouldn't be here today. He had thought, well let's give it one more try. He was able to read people very well. Even when he didn't speak to them in person. He could even read a letter that someone would send like a memo or something, and he knew how to read between the lines. So, he was pretty smart, he was a pretty smart guy.
Q: What do you remember about President Johnson?
D: Well at the time that he was president, he wasn't very popular. We didn't like him very much, but he did stand up for equal rights. The equal rights amendment, and he was very passionate about getting that passed. He didn't like the Vietnam war, he didn't want to go into it. He wasn't a bad guy, he just didn't have the charisma or the delivery of Kennedy. It would have been hard for anybody to follow in the footsteps of president Kennedy.
Q: What do you remember about the Vietnam War and you participate in any protest movements?
D: Yes, I was at the University of San Diego when they had the uhm... the uh... the armed... what are they called the domestic?
H: National Guard?
D: Yes, they brought the National Guard and they pointed rifles at it. I was one of those people that had a flower in my hand and I stuck it in the barrel of one of their rifles. We weren't real happy to see them and they had no business to be there. It was a sit-in. It was a peaceful protest. So I was very much against the Vietnam War and so were my friends. I didn't understand much about it but I was still pretty young. I understood enough to know that we should not have gotten into that war and people were dying for nothing. People were killed on both sides, innocent people, people that weren't even involved that just, you know, lived there. They napalm on entire villages and wiped out a lot of innocent people. That's what we were protesting. I knew that much and that's what we were protesting but peacfully. I never got involved in throwing anything like that.
Q: What do you remember about the Civil Rights Movement and in which way were you involved?
A: I lived in Milwaukee when it was going on in the 60s and Milwaukee was a very segregated and divided city. There were lots and lots of African Americans and there were lots of European nationality people. We were Europeans but we lived in the poor part of town. My parents were immigrants so we lived with a lot of African American people and I had African American Friends. An African American boy saved my life more than one actually. Some other African American kids had come along and hung me by my... I mean you know there were some violent things going on, I lived in the dangerous part of town. They hung me by my jump rope and while I was hanging there. I remember one boy, one African American boy, came and helped me down and I lived and you know, so. In Brazil, they didn't have... the slaves were set free very early. They didn't have to fight for their freedom it wasn't a Civil War over slavery as there was here. America has a very distinct history about that and in Brazil they were set free almost immediately. They served their time as slaves but they were freed within decades. And they just became a part of the culture, of society. There's still always prejudice, I think, everywhere against people who don't look the same. I think a lot of times it's just ignorance. I have come to believe that prejudice a lot of times just comes from ignorance. You know, you don't know a lot about those people and you think oh they don't have a very good life, they do this for a living, they were these kind of clothes, or whatever. We tend to judge because we don't know but if youve lived there and had the same life... I was actually kind of lucky that we lived in the poor part of Milwaukee. I learned to have all kinds of friends from all around the world. Hey i'm doin' all the talkin' here. What's going on?
H: I don't remember anything.
D: We need to get out of the 60s cause he's younger. That way he can say something too. " I was a baby. I remember I used to were a diaper."
Q: What do you remember about President Nixon and the Watergate Scandal?
A: Yeah that was real bad. I was very opinionated at that time. I was a young person and I was old enough to vote. I wouldn't have voted for him... the young people did not vote for Nixon. He ran against President Kennedy. So right there, that was a point against him. He just didn't appear to be very honest. We still, as young people, wanted somebody with a little bit of charisma. We wanted someone who you were proud to represent you to the world. So, there are certain Presidents since then that have. President Clinton did a good job. He's intelligent, articulate, he gave good speeches and Nixon was just kind of, he wasn't very charismatic at all. He was kind of dull and his speeches were not too good. So we didn't vote for him, but I new people who were. They were very enthusiastic. People my own age, people in there 20s that just thought he was the best thing ever and I could not understand it and I never did. Then when the Watergate thing happened I was like "well, what'd you expect?" Then we really didn't like him. He didn't appear trustworthy. He didn't appear to be a truthful man. I mean, there were lots of secrets that since then we've found out.
Michelle:
A: We lived on a ranch and we would take our horses from the stables to ride them around town. We would ride them all the way to Laguna Beach and over the hills. There was nothing. No Golden Lantern. Nothing. I'd ride all the way to Crown Valley and then across Crown Valley and over the hills. Charlie has lived here his whole life too. His Grandmother, she's...or his aunt she's 84 and she's been here since 47.
Q: How was the music?
A: Oh Great! We partied like rock stars. "Swore to fun, loyal to none."
Q: Were you part of any counterculture movements, such as environmentalism and feminism?
A:Yeah, totally. Totally hipified! I didn't shave my legs until I was 16. Really, my mom told me not to. Yeah, it was totally a different time. We used to hitch hike around. It was safe in Laguna then and they had the free bus that ran up and down pacific coast highway. I could go to Crown Valley and all to North Laguna on the bus. It was great! Totally different. Friday or Saturday Night at the movie theatre in Laguna Beach there would be a band it was called Honk that would play and all the hippies would go there. We'd go there and we'd only pay a dollar to get in and they would play. It was pretty cool. The era was very innocent. I don't know we just rode our horses and just had fun. I used to ride my horses here in San Juan. I would come home and just time them to the front tree and make myself a sandwich. They would "fertilize the yard" we'll say and eat the grass while I'd make a sandwich. Afterwards, I'd go back to the stables and go.
Q: Do you remember what your opinions were of JFK, Nixon, and Johnson?
A: No, we just wanted more liberal stuff. You know, because I was pretty hipified. I remember in 1973 when Roe vs Wade was taking place with abortion and that whole movement and stuff like that. And taking part in them. We mainly wanted a liberal, you know, politicians and that kind of thing. I think back then we probably wanted them to legalize marijuana. Who ever was smokin' it. Yeah, we just went to the beach everyday and rode our horses, went to school. You know, get an education and that was the big thing. That my parents wanted. I could get my freedom but I needed to get an education. I went to UC Davis and had great grades and then get a job. So it was good.
Q: Do you remember how everyone reacted to the assassination of JFK?
A: No, i was too young. I remember being a little kid and everybody crying with the black and white TV on. I was probably about three at least.
Q: Do you remember the Watergate Scandal?
A: Oh, yeah. I remember it but I was more focused on other things. I just thought that whatever I had to say doesn't have anything to do with that.
Q: Were you ever part of any hippie communes?
A: No, but when I moved out of my parent's house one time for I don't know about six months, my friend and I when we ran out of money, we would go to the areas of hippies and they would feed us every day. We had to eat vegetarian but we needed to.
Q: As far as the hippie culture is, were you involved in any drug use?
A: Yeah. Smoked pot. I took acid once, accidentally. Someone gave it to me and didn't tell me what it was. 'Oh here you want a piece of this candy?' 'Oh, yeah I'll have that!" So, yeah I did that once accidentally, but smoking pot was kind of the thing. I never got into hard drugs or anything like that. I was pretty focused on horses and going to school. That was it. It was as if I didn't do that, my parents would take everything away. "Pulled the chain tight."
Q: Is there a distinct memory that you have of the 60s or 70s?
A: Just so much fun. Just fun. A great life that I had. That was no 'dress rehearsal' that was my life. Living for today. Just today. I was fortunate enough to live with a family with parents that loved me and let me do that. Being a free spirit. Cause, things were so different. I was a free spirit but they kept me on a chain and pulled me when I got too crazy. They were always 'your'e a little too wild' and they would reel it back in. It was a different time because things were so innocent and there wasn't a lot of crime, like there is now. I think we're desperate now. Back then people just wanted to get by. Things weren't that expensive. No one was trying to keep up with anyone else.
Q: Do you think there are any lessons to be learned?
A: Yeah. Just make things more simple. A simple life is better than a complicated life.
Kathy:
Q:Where did you live/What were you doing in the 60s and 70s?
A: I was going to high school. And I went to a lot of concerts. We traveled to Secoya, Yosemite, Hawaii, Nicaragua, all kinds of stuff.
Q:What kinds of clothes did you wear/music did you listen to?
A: Rolling Stones, Beatles, Love, Jimmy Hendricks all kinds of people...The Allman Brothers, Jimmy Page, Led Zepplin. I don't know, you name a band and I have probably listened to them. We had a lot of bands. Sat on the stage with... met Rod Stewart all kinds of stuff. We wore your typical 60s and 70s. They were like crop tops and shorts. To school you wore just like they were...I don't know what you call them now, but at the time they were called "Tent dresses." They weren't like "mini-mini," cause you couldn't were those at school, but they were just dresses. People in the 70s after 1972 they got to wear anything they wanted; they could wear jeans, they could wear shorts, they could wear t-shirts, they could wear anything they wanted. Before 72' you had to wear a button-up shirt or like a polo shirt or something that touched the ground when you kneeled down. It had to be about knee length and when you kneeled it had to touch the ground. There was a lot of people into school sports and school politics and things like that. Nobody liked the Vietnam War we lost a lot of friends. People were more savvy to political corruption at that time. A lot of things happened like Kennedy's assassination, Martin Luther King, Woodstock; I didn't go to Woodstock I was too young and not adventurous enough to go to Woodstock.
Q:Where you involved in any protest movements?
A: No
Q:What do you remember about Watergate?
A: Oh, Mr. Nixon! I feel like... they caught him spying on other people. Which they all do, so, but as far as that he was a genius. He was into (muffled) society. I don't know he was very reserved with his interviews and so on. He wasn't open and friendly like the Kennedy's I did not like President Johnson I think he was a crook. Then after Nixon came Regan? Ford? I don't know, but during the late 60s and early 70s economics were much better you could live off of one hundred/ two hundred a week; rent, car, gas, and travel. I'd say about the time of the 80s everything started getting very expensive. It was almost impossible to buy anything on your own. You know, to work and make enough money to buy a car and so forth.
Q: Where you involved in the "hippie" culture/movement?
A: No, not at all. I wasn't like taking LSD or anything like that. No. But I did go to a lot of concerts. I went to San Francisco. I've been to... Up there, the park, the Golden Gate Bridge Park. Golden Gate Park? No I wasn't involved in all of that, or getting naked and getting high and stuff like that. So for somebody like that you'd have to find somebody that's really open.
Q: What do you remember about the Civil Rights Movement?
A: Because of the way I was raised that it was good. It was good that they had a voice. That everybody had to be free and to speak. You know, "have done to others and you would like have done to you." Where i came from there was a lot of respect. That was a good thing at the time because there was a lot of people who were loosing the prejudices of the 50s and 40s. They were more open to... it didn't matter what race you were as long as you were a good person or a nice person. So that was good, but as far as the assassinations and stuff, those were all political movements. Some reasons we'll know why, some reasons we won't. I do know that usually after everybody was gone and connected with it then they publicized it.
Q: Do you remember how everybody reacted after President Kennedy was assassinated?
A: Yeah, Yeah i was in 6th grade and everybody was called in. Everyone that I've ever Spoken to older or younger or in between was shocked and devastated by it. Everyone was because everyone loved Kennedy. He was opening doors for more people to start getting along. It wasn't this forceful integration it was the right that people had; people had the right to go to whatever school they want to, or to learn what they wanted to. Women could accelerate more at that time period. People of... it wasn't all white. The doors were open. He was opening doors for everyone. And I think that's one of the big things that that was a political....
Q: What lessons do you think were learned in the 60s and 70s?
A: Trust yourself. Trust your instincts. Open up to your inner-self and by that I mean... we realized that everything around you is alive with energy; your trees; your plants; your people, everything. Realized that we all share this world, so to speak, and we are always going to be doing with ourselves first because that's were we lived. As far as unity, like I said it was nice in the 70s more people weren't so prejudice. There's always going to people who think they're better and there's always going to me people who will openly greet people for who they are not for...whatever tag or label you choose to put on someone; their hair or if they look different or they speak different. I think we've come back around to that way of thinking again. and people are more open to higher thinking not any type of control over people but just openness as far as psychic abilities. Everybody is tuned in on a certain frequency so to speak. As far as drugs and things like that, in my day I'd rather have an outfit and shoes. There were a lot people that experimented.
Q: What do you remember about the Vietnam War and were you involved in the protest movements?
A: Not really, I was in 9th grade at that time. So I wasn't really involved into political protests. I just know that in that time some people believed it was for gas and oil rights it wasn't for... it wasn't a necessary war, and the way that the "Vets" were treated when they came home. They weren't treated like the other war heroes, they were looked down upon or not thought very much of. Let's face it anyone who puts themselves out there on the line deserves respect and honor. I think now they're trying to open it up more were people are aware of how much these people sacrifice every day for our country. I'm really hoping that with the VA hospital that they put more into it. I think it's terrible that, even though we have the best place in the world, the way that our government treats our "vets: and our elderly. I don't believe in socialism. If you work hard and you acquire it then more power to you.
Q: What do you remember about the Vietnam War and were you involved in the protest movements?
A: Not really, I was in 9th grade at that time. So I wasn't really involved into political protests. I just know that in that time some people believed it was for gas and oil rights it wasn't for... it wasn't a necessary war, and the way that the "Vets" were treated when they came home. They weren't treated like the other war heroes, they were looked down upon or not thought very much of. Let's face it anyone who puts themselves out there on the line deserves respect and honor. I think now they're trying to open it up more were people are aware of how much these people sacrifice every day for our country. I'm really hoping that with the VA hospital that they put more into it. I think it's terrible that, even though we have the best place in the world, the way that our government treats our "vets: and our elderly. I don't believe in socialism. If you work hard and you acquire it then more power to you.
Steve:
Where did you live?
A: In the 60s and 70s I lived in Pullman, Washington; Detroit, Michigan; Kansas, Ohio; and Westport, Connecticut.
What were you doing in the 60s and 70s?
A: In the 60s, I was teaching at Washington State University. Then in the late 70s, I was working as an engineer and in the late 60s. Then a manager for an automotive parts company, and that's what i did for the rest of my career.
What kinds of clothes did you wear/ music did you listen to?
A: In the 60s in business we always wore suits and ties and since I was already an adult I listened to mainly Jazz Music, and blues, and people like Frank Sinatra. I knew rock Rock n' Roll exploded in the early 60s but I was already, I didn't listen to it because I was already out of school and I wasn't interested in music.
What do you remember about President Kennedy?
A: I remember when he was assassinated. I remember I was sitting at my desk when the news came that he was killed. I was teaching at college then. I can't remember if I voted for him or not, but he wasn't very popular at the beginning of his term but then he got more popular after the Cuban Missle Crisis because he showed he was strong.
Q: Do you remember how everybody reacted during his assassination?
A: Everybody was totally shocked. It was kind of like "9/11" when the towers went down. It was about the same feeling when President Kennedy was assassinated.
Q: What do you remember about President Johnson?
A: He was a very good politician. He very good when he was leader of the Senate at getting bills passed through, but he escalated the Vietnam War after Kennedy was dead with the Gulf of Tonkin. He ended up becoming very unpopular because of the Vietnam War and basically didn't run for his second term because he was so unpopular.
Q: What do you remember about the Vietnam War and were you involved in any protest movements?
A: I didn't serve in Vietnam. I already had a family. A lot of my friends served in the Vietnam War and my friends were more supportive of it. People were not that supportive of the anti-war movement until the Kenn State Shootings. That turned a lot of people against the government. The war became very very unpopular after that.
Q: What do you remember about the Civil Rights Movement?
A: I remember the two big things; there was a sheriff in Birmingham, Alabama I can't remember what his name was but he turned water hoses on a bunch of protestors. That did more to solitify complaint against the people who were resisting Civil Rights but even I think Martin Luther King Jr.'s speeches did it because people were so upset about the way people were treated.
Q: Were you involved in any counter-culture protest movements?
A: No I was for establishment. I already had a family.
Q: What do you remember about President Nixon?
A: President Nixon was a very strong president. He opened up, he made a breakthrough with China. The Chinese thought he was crazy so they were afraid of him. He was very capable but then when he got caught up in Watergate, everything kind of unraveled for him. Up until then he was very very popular. Then Watergate happened and the cover up: he couldn't survive it.
Q: What lessons do you think were learned in the 60s and 70s?
A: I think some of the lessons...President Kennedy... reduced taxes and the economy went up. So, president Kennedy showed a good way to stimulate the economy. the lesson for Vietnam was that we shouldn't go into a war unless we knew what we were trying to accomplish. So, I don't know if that's a lesson that's been remember or not. The military became very consistent after Vietnam that they didn't want to fight without knowing what we were trying to accomplish. Nobody knew that in Vietnam. So those are probably the two biggest lessons that came out of those eras.
Q: Do you remember how everybody reacted during his assassination?
A: Everybody was totally shocked. It was kind of like "9/11" when the towers went down. It was about the same feeling when President Kennedy was assassinated.
Q: What do you remember about President Johnson?
A: He was a very good politician. He very good when he was leader of the Senate at getting bills passed through, but he escalated the Vietnam War after Kennedy was dead with the Gulf of Tonkin. He ended up becoming very unpopular because of the Vietnam War and basically didn't run for his second term because he was so unpopular.
Q: What do you remember about the Vietnam War and were you involved in any protest movements?
A: I didn't serve in Vietnam. I already had a family. A lot of my friends served in the Vietnam War and my friends were more supportive of it. People were not that supportive of the anti-war movement until the Kenn State Shootings. That turned a lot of people against the government. The war became very very unpopular after that.
Q: What do you remember about the Civil Rights Movement?
A: I remember the two big things; there was a sheriff in Birmingham, Alabama I can't remember what his name was but he turned water hoses on a bunch of protestors. That did more to solitify complaint against the people who were resisting Civil Rights but even I think Martin Luther King Jr.'s speeches did it because people were so upset about the way people were treated.
Q: Were you involved in any counter-culture protest movements?
A: No I was for establishment. I already had a family.
Q: What do you remember about President Nixon?
A: President Nixon was a very strong president. He opened up, he made a breakthrough with China. The Chinese thought he was crazy so they were afraid of him. He was very capable but then when he got caught up in Watergate, everything kind of unraveled for him. Up until then he was very very popular. Then Watergate happened and the cover up: he couldn't survive it.
Q: What lessons do you think were learned in the 60s and 70s?
A: I think some of the lessons...President Kennedy... reduced taxes and the economy went up. So, president Kennedy showed a good way to stimulate the economy. the lesson for Vietnam was that we shouldn't go into a war unless we knew what we were trying to accomplish. So, I don't know if that's a lesson that's been remember or not. The military became very consistent after Vietnam that they didn't want to fight without knowing what we were trying to accomplish. Nobody knew that in Vietnam. So those are probably the two biggest lessons that came out of those eras.
The Era of 1962-75
The United States of America(1962-1975):
An era of monumental change characterized the United States; altering the course of preceding history and culture of the Americas. Within a mere thirteen years, the generation of young citizens that lived during this time period are exposed to historical events; accelerating them upon a tornado of conflicting emotions. The constant suppression of women into domestic roles, as well as, the emotional, economical, and political affects of the Vietnam War, gives birth to a new generation of rebellious individuals. In response to the constant pressure of society, this generation arises to beliefs that embrace peace, love, beauty, and truth and absorbs a new "hippie" culture.This time-period is also rich of political history such as the Watergate Scandal, President Nixon's resignation, and the assassination of President John F Kennedy.Within this era, the Civil Rights Movement reaches it's climax as leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, make significant process toward establishing racial equality. As a result of several cultural alterations, many lessons including civil rights, environmental, war, and political elections are implemented into America's future culture.
An era of monumental change characterized the United States; altering the course of preceding history and culture of the Americas. Within a mere thirteen years, the generation of young citizens that lived during this time period are exposed to historical events; accelerating them upon a tornado of conflicting emotions. The constant suppression of women into domestic roles, as well as, the emotional, economical, and political affects of the Vietnam War, gives birth to a new generation of rebellious individuals. In response to the constant pressure of society, this generation arises to beliefs that embrace peace, love, beauty, and truth and absorbs a new "hippie" culture.This time-period is also rich of political history such as the Watergate Scandal, President Nixon's resignation, and the assassination of President John F Kennedy.Within this era, the Civil Rights Movement reaches it's climax as leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, make significant process toward establishing racial equality. As a result of several cultural alterations, many lessons including civil rights, environmental, war, and political elections are implemented into America's future culture.
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